Quantitative genetics in maize breeding handbook of plant breeding arnel r. Miranda filho maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Quantitative trait loci mapping and the genetic basis of heterosis in maize and rice. The primary purpose of this project is to contribute to yield increases by examining the development of breeding sources and the prevalence of differential rankings of varieties across environments genotype x environment interactions. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize. My research focuses molecular quantitative genetics as well as applied maize breeding.
History, contribution, and future of quantitative genetics. In modifying amd developing postgraduate course in genetics and plant breeding, emphasis has been given to keep a balance among major components like basic genetics, cytogenetics, plant breeding, quantitative genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology. The 4th international symposium on genomics of plant genetic resources, giessen, germany. This program is currently one the of the few public u. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss despite advances in technologies, plant breeding is still based on mendels original concept of inheritance which is extended to encompass the inheritance of quantitative. Maize breeding is one of the successful examples of breederdirected evolution. The principles of quantitative genetics behind the adaptation, improvement, and development of droughttolerant, highquality, and earlymaturing hybrids allows a maize crop for ethanol production in western north dakota with the integration of prebreeding and cultivar development. Identifying and quantifying genetic effects in maize for tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, most importantly aspergillus flavus aflatoxin resistance and drought and heat tolerance. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding handbook of plant. The marriage between quantitative genetics and plant breeding, albeit nonexclusive, has reaped benefits for both during the last 100 years. Dec 01, 2019 because tropical maize is a rich resource of potentially useful genetic diversity that has largely been under used by maize breeders in temperate environments goodman 1998, findings from this study can guide future maize breeding for climate change and address fundamental questions about the genomic basis of environmental adaptation in plants. Design thinking and data mining in finding the optimal genetic combinations. It is interesting to speculate why this contrast exists. Quantitative genetics and breeding methods download.
Emerson and east, 19, but in most cases the insights were gleaned from specific experimental populations that did not always. Estimates of genetic variances and heritability in. Introgress exotic maize alleles to increase the genetic diversity of us maize germplasm. Many genes contribute quantitatively to how a plant looks and behaves. Improve tolerance and resistance to biotic mycotoxins especially aflatoxin and abiotic stresses salinity, drought and heat through breeding in addition to genetics. History, contribution, and future of quantitative genetics in. Reinventing quantitative genetics for plant breeding. Pdf art and science in breeding download ebook for free. The inbredhybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Carena and others published quantitative genetics in maize breeding find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Apr 15, 2020 the marriage between quantitative genetics and plant breeding, albeit nonexclusive, has reaped benefits for both during the last 100 years. Goals objectives the three major goals of this project are to 1 develop and apply methodologies to improve plant improvement. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding handbook of plant breeding by barbara cartland handbook of plant breeding arnel r hallauer o marcelo j carena o jb miranda filho quantitative genetics in maize breeding public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996. Sep 28, 2010 quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as b73.
This has led to a large multistate usdanifa aflatoxin project that is proposed to be awarded but not yet been formalized or announced. Plant breeding internships are designed to introduce plant breeding techniques used in agronomic and horticultural crops of texas and provide hands on experience in such techniques as pollination, trait. The rediscovery of mendels laws of inheritance in 1900 was the basis for determining the inheritance of quant. Their relationships to one another, as well as the general developments in maize genetics and breeding growth, are included. The genetics and phenotyping of seed morphology in hexaploid wheat. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding by arnel r. Entering the second century of maize quantitative genetics. The rediscovery of mendels laws of inheritance in 1900 was the basis for determining the inheritance of quantitative traits and for developing plant breeding and selection methods. The principles of quantitative genetics behind the adaptation, improvement, and development of droughttolerant, highquality, and earlymaturing hybrids allows a maize crop for ethanol production in western north dakota with the.
Much of the increase can be attributed to improved genetics through innovative plant breeding, and pioneer researchers have played a key role in this. Increased demands for corn grain are likely as a result of population growth, loss of farmland from urbanization, and development of new uses of corn. Greg rebetzke, csiro australia jim selecting trying to adapt maiz ancho to north carolina dr. The heterosis is a quantitative measure of hybrid superiority over its parental components and it has been widely used in maize breeding programs hallauer et al. Analysis for two serat tests are presented table 3 to highlight two promising tamu lines one murray and one xu. Quantitative genetics and maize breeding department of soil and crop sciences dryland and well watered trial to test maize lipoxygenase genesalleles funded by usdanifa with kolomiets and isakeit. Despite its importance, the genetic basis of heterosis. The vast majority of genetic resistance used by maize breeders is quantitative. He then undertook a study on avocados and peppers at the university of california at riverside, where he described the diurnal flowering cycle of the former and discovered the first linkage group and a male sterility system in the latter. Maize breeders have improved productivity through selection on phenotype. The study of maize quantitative traits stretches back nearly as long for example, shull, 1908. Maiz tamaulipas in winter nursery jason brewer and dr.
Peter a peterson received his phd in biologychemistry, with an emphasis on genetics, from the university of illinois in 1953. Human societies depend upon maize for food, health, scientific knowledge, economic growth, culture and spirituality. Photographs of events and related personnel, all part of the biographic presentation, portray the maize community and its growth. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding request pdf. The time frame of the history of quantitative genetics is similar to mendelian genetics. Introgression of exotic subtropical, tropical, wild. Future improvements in maize productivity will require more effective utilization of. He teaches quantitative genetics and crop breeding techniques at ndsu. The major factor might be that maize is substantially more genetically diverse than wheat.
Quantitative genetics in maize breeding ebook by arnel r. Maize breeding and genetics collaboration between usdaars. This has led to a large multistate usdanifa aflatoxin project that is proposed to be. Reif institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics university of hohenheim, d. North carolina 276957566 and institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics, university of hohenheim, 70599 stuttgart, germany manuscript received october 4, 2007. Quantitative genetics of inbreeding in a synthetic maize. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding nhbs academic. This project investigates genetics important for plant appearance and behavior and then uses this information for improving crops for a variety of traits and systems.
Quantitative genetics and maize breeding department of soil and crop sciences north carolina table 3 not all data has been compiled from all locations yet. The principles of quantitative genetics behind the adaptation, improvement, and development of droughttolerant, highquality, and earlymaturing hybrids allows a maize crop for ethanol production in western north dakota with the integration of pre breeding and cultivar development. The genomic basis for shortterm evolution of environmental. Estimates of genetic variances and heritability in many. The objectives of this study were 1 to investigate genetic diversity for rflps in a set of important maize inbreds commonly used in italian breeding programs, 2 to compare genetic similarities. The inbredhybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of. Bernardo group in maize breeding and genetics books and. Apr 04, 20 my research focuses molecular quantitative genetics as well as applied maize breeding. Numerous studies have investigated the genetic architecture of natural variation in flowering time for maize using a variety of methods, including genic analysis, linkage and association mapping, ecogeographical genetics and. Identify genetic relationships among grain maize lines and use.
Introduction to quantitative genetics download ebook pdf. In china, hybrid rice varieties showed 20% yield advantage over inbred varieties yuan 1992 and made a tremendous impact on rice production around the world. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. Jim holland, usda maize genetics and breeding maiz tamaulipas in winter nursery jason brewer and dr.
Carena has led maize breeding research for shortseason maturity at ndsu since 1999. Maize has a rich history of genetics studies, with insights and mechanisms stretching back through most of the past century. In maize, the most notable example, heterosis is the primary reason for the success of commercial industry stuber et al. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss dianthus herbatus and thus was more botanical in nature rather than aimed at the improvement of a crop population. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as b73. Carena has led maizebreeding research for shortseason maturity at ndsu since 1999. Cornelius and dudleys 1974, 1976 mating design i nbreeding depression in maize is a ubiquitous phe was inadequate to resolve all of the desired genetic effects cornelius, 1988. Plant breeding graduate thesis library plant breeding. Breeders have been effective in developing improved cultivars to meet the changing cultural and environmental conditions of the past 150 years. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Quantitative genetics with focus on corn breeding and corn. Breeding for quantitative traits in plants investigates the application of quantitative genetics to plant breeding. Sun hee woo combining corn coffee and quantitative genetics with jim and dr. Modern maize breeding methods are primarily a 20th century phenomenon.
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